Complete Calibration for Truss Robots

This how-to guide introduces how to complete the hand-eye calibration for truss robots.

Note

For the concepts related to the hand-eye calibration for truss robots and the usage of the extrinsic parameter file, please refer to the section Explanation of the Calibration for Truss Robots.

Preparation before Calibration

Before hand-eye calibration, you need to finish the following preparations:

• Construct the Mech-Mind Vision System.

• Prepare the materials required for calibration.

• Adjust the effect of calibration board’s point cloud.

Construct the Mech-Mind Vision System

Construct the Mech-Mind Vision System by referring to the section Construct Mech-Mind Vision System.

You need to use Mech-Eye Viewer, Mech-Center, Mech-Vision and Mech-Viz during hand-eye calibration. Please ensure that they have been installed and are running the latest versions.

Prepare the Materials Required for Calibration

The hand-eye calibration for truss robots needs to use the following materials:

• Calibration board

• Sharp tip

• Tape measure

Please prepare the calibration board according to the following requirements:

• Ensure that the circles of the calibration board are clearly visible and without obvious scratches, and the board does not suffer from deformations.

• In the calibration for truss robot scenario, please place the calibration board in the center of the object plane, where target objects are to be placed.

The sharp tip should be mounted on the center of the robot gripper. The tape measure is used to measure the deviation from the sharp point to the center of the robot flange in X, Y, and Z directions.

Adjust the Effect of Calibration Board’s Point Cloud

1. Open Mech-Eye Viewer to adjust camera parameters.

2. Adjust 2D parameters to make sure that the 2D image of the calibration board is clear and neither overexposed nor underexposed.

3. Adjust 3D parameters to make sure that the point clouds of the circles on the calibration board are complete and have clear contours. It is recommended to set Point Cloud Smoothing and Outlier Removal to Normal in the Point Cloud Processing section to reduce the point cloud fluctuation range.

   Note

   If the on-site ambient lights are not ideal and affect the quality of 2D images and point clouds, you can use shading or supplemental light to improve the lighting conditions.

4. Make sure the obtained point clouds of the circles on the calibration board are complete and have clear contours, as shown in the following figure.

Hint

Because the 2D image type in the calibration process is the internal IR image, the captured image and generated scene point cloud are black and white.

Pre-calibration Configuration

1. Open Mech-Vision, and click the Camera Calibration (Standard) button on the toolbar. The Configuration before Calibration window will be prompted.

2. In the Select how to calibrate window, select the New calibration radio button, and then click the Next button.

   

3. In the Select calibration task window, select Hand-eye calibration for custom robot from the drop-down list box, specify the Robot Euler angle convention parameter, select the robot coordinate system type, and then click the Next button.

   

   Note

   • You can determine the robot coordinate system type according to the section Left- and Right-handed Coordinate Systems. If the truss robot uses the left-handed coordinate system, select Left-handed here.

   • During the communication with the robot, the communication module will automatically transform the coordinate system of the poses when receiving and receiving poses. That is when receiving poses from the robot side, it converts poses from the left-handed coordinate system to the right-handed coordinate system; when sending poses output by the software to the robot side, it converts the poses from the right-handed coordinate system to the left-handed coordinate system.

   • During the calibration procedure, you need to invert the Y-axis values of the robot flange poses before entering them.

4. In the Select a robot type for calibration window, select the Truss (up to 6 DOF, XYZABC) radio button, and then click the Next button.

   

5. In the Select axes affecting camera window, select the axes as required (such as X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, and Rz), and then click the Calibrate button.

   

Calibration Procedure

Connect to the Camera

1. In the Connect to Camera step, find the camera to connect in the Detected Cameras list, and click .

   

2. After the camera is connected, click the Capture once or Capture live button.

   

3. In the right Image viewer panel, ensure that the captured 2D image and depth map meet the calibration requirements and click the Next button on the bottom bar.

   Note

   If the captured image does not meet the calibration requirements, you need to open the Mech-Eye Viewer software to adjust the 2D and 3D scanning parameters and re-capture images.

Mount the Calibration Board

1. In the Mount calibration board step, select the Standard radio button and select the calibration board model according to its model nameplate in the 1. Select calibration board type area.

   

2. Make sure that the calibration board has been placed to the plane of the workobject, and then click the Confirm button in the 2. Mount calibration board area.

3. Confirm that the calibration board is in the center of the camera’s field of view (the red rectangle), and then click the Confirm button in the 3. Position calibration board into red rectangle area.

4. After all operations related to the calibration board are completed, click the Next button on the bottom bar.

Check Intrinsic Parameters

1. In the Check intrinsic parameters step, click the Start checking button.

   

2. Confirm the results of the camera intrinsic parameter check.

   • If the camera intrinsic parameter check passes, click the OK button and then click the Next button on the bottom bar.

     

   If the camera intrinsic parameter check fails, adjust detection parameters by drawing aid circles or manually adjusting the calibration circle detection parameters, and then click the Check again button.

Draw an Aid Circle

1. To draw an aid circle, click the Draw an aid circle button.

2. In the right Image viewer panel, right-click the calibration board image and clear the Fit to window checkbox, and press the Ctrl key and drag the roller to adjust the image to a suitable size.

3. Move the mouse pointer to the cross center point of the calibration circle, press the left mouse button and make the aid circle completely include the calibration circle and then release it.

   

4. Click the Check again button, and confirm that the camera intrinsic parameter check passes.

Manually Adjust Detection Parameters

To manually adjust the detection parameters, click Calibration circle detection parameters (advanced) and change the values of detection parameters accordingly.

If the calibration circles are still not detected, please adjust the camera settings according to the on-site operating conditions.

Set TCP in Flange Frame

Tip

Before this step, use the tape measure to measure the deviation (in mm) from the sharp point to the center of the flange in X, Y, and Z directions.

In the Set TCP in flange frame step, enter the deviation values in X, Y, and Z directions in the X, Y and Z text boxes, Click the Confirm TCP values button and then click the Next button on the bottom bar.

Note

If the truss robot uses the left-handed coordinate system, you need to invert the Y-axis deviation value before entering it.

Collect Images and Poses

1. Control the truss robot to let its end tip touch the cross center point of point 1 on the calibration board, and record the robot flange pose in the teach pendant.

2. Click the button of point 1, and enter the robot flange pose in the prompted Input Flange Pose of Robot dialog box, and then click the OK button.

   Note

   If the truss robot uses the left-handed coordinate system, you need to invert the Y-axis value of the robot flange pose before entering it.

   

3. Repeat the preceding steps, and let the end tip touch the cross center points of point 2 and point 3, and enter robot flange poses.

4. Click the button of the current calibration board to capture the images of it.

5. Click the Update data button and then click the Next button on the bottom bar.

   

Note

The calibration program requires that at least three points not in a line should be touched for calculating extrinsic parameters. If the truss robot lacks a degree of freedom in a certain direction (for example, in the Y direction), you can add the poses of multiple calibration boards. First, adjust the direction of the calibration board so that the sharp point can touch two points on the calibration board, and at the same time input the pose of the robot flange and collect the image of the calibration board. Then raise (or lower) the calibration board in the Z direction, and again touch the points on the calibration board along the X direction, and at the same time input the pose of the robot flange and collect the image of the calibration board. Make sure that the new position of the calibration board is significantly different from the pervious one.

Calculate Camera Parameters

1. In the Calculate camera parameters window, click the Calculate camera extrinsic parameters button.

   

2. In the prompted window indicating calibration success, click the OK button.

   

Confirm that the Calibration Accuracy Meets Requirements and Save Calibration Data

1. In the Calculate camera parameters step, view the calibration error of point cloud in the right Point cloud viewer panel after the calibration calculation is complete.

2. Find the error value with the 100% percentage to get the rough calibration accuracy. For example, the calibration accuracy in the following figure is less than 1 mm.

   

3. Confirm that the calibration accuracy meets the project requirements, and then click the Save button on the bottom bar.

   

4. In the prompted Save Calibration Files dialog box, click the OK button to save the calibration result to the project folder.

Till now, the hand-eye calibration for the truss robot is completed. If you want to enhance the calibration accuracy, please refer to the section Calibration Result Check and Analysis.